The Buxa Fort

Buxa Fort is located in the Buxa Tiger Reserve, in the Alipurduar district in West Bengal, India. Its origin is uncertain. Before the occupation of the fort by the British, it was a point of contention between the King of Bhutan and the Cooch Kings.

 The King of Bhutan used the fort to protect the portion connecting Tibet with India, via Bhutan. Still later during the unrest in the occupation of Tibet, hundreds of refugees arrived at the place and used the then-abandoned fort as a place of refuge. 

The British, invited by the Cooch King, intervened and captured the fort which was formally handed over to the British on November 11, 1865 as part of the Treaty of Sinchula. The fort was later used as a high-security prison and detention camp in the 1930s. It was the most notorious and unreachable prison in India after the Cellular Jail in Andaman. Nationalist revolutionaries belonging to the Anushilan Samiti and Yugantar groups, such as Krishnapada Chakraborty were imprisoned there in the 1930s.

Forward Bloc leader and ex-Law Minister of West Bengal, Amar Prasad Chakraborty, was also imprisoned at Buxa Fort in 1943, as well as some communist revolutionaries and intellectuals like Nirad Chakraborty, Shibshankar Mitra and Satish Pakrashi. The poet Subhash Mukhopadhyay was also imprisoned here in the 1950s. Later he gave a vivid description of this jail in one of his stories, 'Prison in the Clouds'

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